Worked example 2 design of concrete cantilever retaining. A complete design should address each of these modes of failure where appropriate. Currently, wingwalls do not get a lot of attention from the designer, and are almost an afterthought to the overall design of the structure. Possible modes of failure for freestanding concrete cantilever retaining walls are illustrated in cartoon fashion in figure x. The wingwall length, abutment exposure or superstructure depth requirements for integral abutments cannot be met. The preliminary geotechnical assumptions are checked and recommendations are modified, if necessary. The wall was held at one end by a bearing wall, but the only anchors holding the rest of the wall were the powderactuated fasteners driven through. There should be a minimum three vertical studs mounted to the floor in front of the shower extending to the same height as the shower mounting frame. The stem may have constant thickness along the length or may be tapered based on economic and construction criteria. A preformed holesoftspot is provided in the headwall to accept the pipe end.
Cantilever or restrained retaining wall design calculations o r g a n iz a io n f. The length of the wingwall is dependent upon the height of the structure and the adjacent ground slope. See photo 2 mark location of these studs on the floor. The design methods presented throughout the example are meant to be the most widely used in general bridge engineering practice. Abutments, wing walls, piers and retaining walls 112 propping and support of formwork against the sides of excavations should always be checked to ensure that the formwork remains in position during concreting. In a bridge, the wing walls are adjacent to the abutments and act as retaining walls.
These studs must be 2 x 6 wood, and mounting on the flat. Area separation wall exterior wall intersection at wing wall. Culvert layout procedure perpendicular culvert parapet. In case where wing walls are at or near the waters edge, the wing walls should be flaredto improve the hydraulic entrance condition. Chapter 630 wingwalls wsf terminal design manual m 3082.
Retaining walls, bridge abutments, wing walls, culvert headwalls, outlet aprons, shore and beach protection walls, and temporary check dams. The cantilever retaining wall shown below is backfilled with granular material having a unit weight. The following types of retaining walls are generally used. Extruded stepped aluminum reflector, asymmetric distribution fixture. Ciria report c660 earlyage thermal crack control in concrete. Once the parapet lines are established, the wing wall lines should be staked and cross sectioned. The document contains notes regarding the choice of abutment, choice of bearings, preliminary design, reinforced concrete decks, prestressed concrete decks, composite decks, steel box girders, steel truss decks, cable stayed decks, suspension. Retaining wall is the general term of the wall which retains earth and as such the wing walls and the return walls are also retaining walls. Check out our wing wall design selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. The basic design precepts employed in cantilever walls include considerations of dead man tiebacks, taking active pressures to the bottom of the wall and considering any reductions in passive resistance for inclined slopes. Cantilevered wingwalls may or may not have piles placed directly beneath the wall.
There is not a better measure of our business than what our customers. The castin heel under the front of the apron prevents movement and scouring. A pdf document of the design notes section contained on this website. Basics of retaining wall design page x preface to the tenth edition this tenth edition, like its predecessors, become necessary because building codes change seismic design requirements for example and as we receive suggestions for. The example covers the abutment backwall, stem, and footing design, using pile loads from design. This gabbion wall is providing temporary slope stability until the vegetation covers the hill side. Wing walls shall extend six inches above the adjacent ground slope.
Wing walls are essentially retaining walls adjacent to the abutment. Short 3sided culverts are generally level along thier lenght. A wing wall also wingwall or wingwall is a smaller wall attached or next to a larger wall or structure. Basics of retaining wall design page x preface to the tenth edition this tenth edition, like its predecessors, become necessary because building codes change seismic design requirements for example and as we receive suggestions for topics to be added or expanded. Wing wall installation instructions comfort designs.
They are generally constructed of the same material as those of abutments. The weight of the soil mass above the heel helps keep wall stable. Culvert extension a portion of a culvert built beyond the limits of a previously existing culvert. The ssr is sent to the wall designer structures design section or wisdots consultant for wall selection, design andcontract plan preparation. Lrfd steel girder superstructure design example abutment and wingwall design example design step 7 table of contents design step 7. The document contains notes regarding the choice of abutment, choice of bearings, preliminary design, reinforced concrete decks, prestressed concrete decks, composite decks, steel box girders, steel truss decks, cable stayed decks, suspension bridges, drainage systems, choice of. Calculate wing determine the station of the wing tip. Active earth pressure or earth pressure pa and passive earth pressure p p. First, select a wing angle and make an at each corner of the structure a wingwall layout will wing lenghts can vary due to elevation differnences. Design considerations loads effects to be considered on the rear of the wall are.
Designer individuals designated by the structural engineer to use this manual to design and detail culverts. Substructure design chapter 7 wsdot bridge design manual m 2350. Chapter 02 substructure section 03 wing walls subww. Chapter 630 wingwalls chapter 630 wingwalls chapter 630. Retaining walls may be built of brick or stone masonry, cement concrete or reinforced cement concrete. Design and installation guidelines for retaining walls. Worked examples presented at the workshop eurocode 7. The details for the proposed standard mseiff wall system are summarized in four parts. An independently supported wingwall is a retaining wall that has its own foundation and.
The following zipped files contain mathcad version14 worksheets that analyze and design castinplace abutments and wing walls in accordance with the aashto lrfd specifications 2007 with 2008 interim revisions. Culvert layout procedure perpendicular culvert parapet walls. Selfweight, water pressure, and live load surcharge are neglected. Striking of formwork and curing should be undertaken strictly in accordance with the specifications. Ideal for verticalsurface lighting for interior corporate, retail and display applications. The walls can be independent or integral with the abutment wall. Bridge design bridge design and assessment bridge components. Only active earth pressure is applied at exterior wing wall as described in epg 751.
Wingwalls shall typically be constructed at a 45 degree angle measured from the face of the structure. Assuming that the allowable bearing pressure of the soil is 120 knm 2, the. The wall was built out of metal studs, covered with drywall and finished along its top with a wood cap. A cantilevered wingwall is a retaining wall that is poured integrally with the abutment stem and thus moves with the abutment stem with respect to the soil. The haunched base ensures the incoming water is unimpeded and debris does not lodge in the corners of the unit. Concrete strength, concrete density, reinforcing steel strength, superstructure information, span information, required abutment height, load information. In the absence of special design wing walls, standard wing.
Splayed wing walls can provide even more of an economy in material costs but the detailing and fixing of the steel reinforcement is more complicated than the conventional wall. A wing wall also wingwall or wing wall is a smaller wall attached or next to a larger wall or structure. Concrete strength, concrete density, reinforcing steel strength, superstructure information, span information, required abutment height, load information select optimum abutment type design step 7. Geotechnical design dublin, 14 june, 20 support to the implementation, harmonization and further development of the eurocodes. Geotechnical design dublin, 14 june, 20 support to the implementation, harmonization and. Chapter 12 abutments wisconsin department of transportation. The design requirements for abutments are similar to those for retaining wallsand for piers. Active earth pressure tends to deflect the wall away from the backfill. This abutment and wingwall design example is based on aashto lrfd bridge design specifications through 2002 interims. The estimated settlement sheet in the package is important for design of camber and use of bell joints. Inside face inside face b b transition stepped key section aa to straight carry straight joint up through end post.
Feather wallpaper 3d embossed wing wall mural dark wing wall print modern home decor cafe design living room murwall. Box culvert a culvert in the shape of an enclosed rectangle and consisting of a bottom slab, two wall elements and a top slab. Lrfd steel girder superstructure design example lrfd. The resultant force p a of active pressure is applied at h from the bottom of wing wall where h is the design wing. Slight curvature can be allowed, but must be considered on a casebycase basis. Final foundation design the last phase completes the geotechnical report and allows the final structural design to begin. The length of the wing wall is dependent upon the height of the structure and the adjacent ground slope. Wing walls shall typically be constructed at a 45 degree angle measured from the face of the structure. The base is divided into two parts, the heel and toe. Structural details of slab culverts 3 for spans less than 3. The sheet also will require and show a granular blanket if needed.
Design details details page area separation wall exterior. Reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall analysis and. The wing walls on the upstream side should be aligned to direction the flow through the bridge opening. Concrete wingwalls humes precast concrete wingwalls have been designed to allow for maximum flow performance both at the inlet and outlet ends of the culvert. Cantilever walls are economical for heights up to 10 m 32 feet. Deflection generally governs design for cantilever walls more than 18 feet high. Assuming that the allowable bearing pressure of the soil is 120 knm. Wingwalls shall extend six inches above the adjacent ground slope. Lenth 1b wing length x sin wing 1 anglesame for other wings skewed culverts culvert layout procedure however, long 3sided culverts may have a slope. Reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall analysis and design aci 31814 reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls consist of a relatively thin stem and a base slab. Earth pressure p 8 earth pressure is the pressure exerted by the retaining material on the retaining wall. If the sheet is not provided, the designer shall contact. Abutment and wingwall design example lrfd structures.
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